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The Four Horsemen of the Tech Recession [Ben Thompson, Stratechery]

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• Stephanie Palazzolo wrote on Twitter that it was disorienting to see tech layoffs and then to see US job numbers increase and unemployment drop to its lowest level in 50 years.
• The four horsemen of the tech recession are the COVID hangover, the hardware cycle, Apple’s App Tracking Transparency, and the end of zero interest rates.
• The COVID hangover is the single biggest issue facing tech companies, as consumers with no way to spend discretionary income and flush with stimulus checks bought new devices, subscribed to streaming services, and used cloud computing.
• The hardware cycle is impacting companies like Apple, Microsoft, and Intel, as well as TSMC, as production slowdowns and pent-up demand for Apple Silicon-based processors have caused revenue to drop.
• Apple’s App Tracking Transparency has caused a decrease in ad revenue for many tech companies, as users opt out of tracking.
• The end of zero interest rates has caused tech companies to re-evaluate their investments, as the cost of capital has increased.
• The COVID hangover refers to the inevitable slowdown in tech sales after the initial surge due to the pandemic.
• The end of zero interest rates refers to investors realizing that the cost of capital input in their equations can be something other than zero, and the price they are wiling to pay for growth without profitability is falling through the floor.
• The ATT recession refers to Apple’s App Tracking Transparency (ATT) initiative, which fundamentally disrupts the “hub-and-spoke” model of digital advertising, leading to a crash in revenue growth for companies that rely on performance marketing.
• The article argues that the impact of ATT has been underestimated, and that ascribing the advertising revenue headwinds to macroeconomic factors is misguided.

 

Tech Layoffs, Big Tech’s Hiring Rates, Microsoft’s VR Layoffs [Ben Thompson, Stratechery]

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• Tech layoffs are popularly thought to be due to over-hiring during the pandemic, but there is little evidence that tech companies over-hired based on past rates.
• Apple has been better positioned than many rivals to date due to slower hiring during the pandemic and a focus on hardware products.
• Amazon has seen the most dramatic increase in employee numbers over the last decade due to the build-out of its owned-and-operated logistics network.
• Microsoft’s recent layoffs are not an indication that the company is abandoning its metaverse strategy, but rather a shift away from hardware and towards being available on all platforms.

Published January 24, 2023
Visit Stratechery to read Ben Thompson’s original post Tech Layoffs, Big Tech’s Hiring Rates, Microsoft’s VR Layoffs

Twitter Timelines, Azure and OpenAI, Apple and China [Ben Thompson, Stratechery]

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• Twitter is enforcing its long-standing API rules, resulting in the shutdown of 3rd-party apps.
• Twitter revenue is reportedly down 40% year-over-year, and the company’s first interest payment is due at the end of the month.
• Microsoft is adding OpenAI’s viral AI bot ChatGPT to its Azure service, as part of its existing agreement with OpenAI.
• The Financial Times has a two-part series about Apple and China, discussing how Apple has been sending its top product designers and manufacturing design engineers to China, and how Apple is attempting to diversify its supply chain internationally while forging closer ties with mainland Chinese companies.
• India is not yet a viable alternative to China for Apple’s supply chain, as most operations are Final Assembly, Test and Pack (FATP) with components largely flown in from China.
• Taiwanese companies such as Pegatron and Foxconn are moving to India to assemble Apple products, but their suppliers are not.
• There is no existing supply chain in India, so they must import components from China.
• Some Chinese companies have been cleared to operate in India for Apple’s sake, potentially playing the same role as Taiwanese suppliers in China.

Published January 18, 2023
Visit Stratechery to read Ben Thompson’s original post Twitter Timelines, Azure and OpenAI, Apple and China

 

AI and the Big Five [Ben Thompson, Stratechery]

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• AI has emerged as a major technology in 2022, with image generation models such as DALL-E, MidJourney, and Stable Diffusion, and text-generation model ChatGPT leading the way.
• Clayton Christensen’s The Innovator’s Dilemma explains the different kinds of innovations, and how incumbents have fared in previous tech epochs.
• Apple has taken advantage of the open source Stable Diffusion model, optimizing it for its own chips and operating systems, and potentially building it into its OS.
• Amazon is leveraging its cloud services to provide GPUs for training and inference, but must gauge demand for these services.
• Marginal costs of AI generation may make it challenging to achieve product-market fit, and costs should come down over time as models become more efficient and cloud services gain returns to scale.
• AI is a massive opportunity for Meta, Google, and Microsoft, and all three companies are investing heavily in the technology.
• Meta is investing in AI to power its services, better target ads, and recommend content from across its network.
• Google has a go-to-market gap and a business-model problem when it comes to AI, but its technology is still the best on the market.
• Microsoft is investing in the infrastructure of the AI epoch, and is well-placed to benefit from the disruption of AI.
• OpenAI may become the platform on which all other AI companies are built, and Nvidia and TSMC may be the biggest winners.

Published January 9, 2023. Visit Stratechery to read Ben Thompson’s original post.

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