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Chartbook #197: The Ukraine-Aid Reality Gap [Adam Tooze, Chartbook]

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  • The Main Criticism – The main criticism I have heard is that I’m just another old man (I’m 59) shaking his fist and complaining about “kids these days,” when in fact “the kids are alright.”
  • Self-Reported Depression and Anxiety – Section 1 of the Collaborative Review summarizes self-report surveys that have been conducted at regular time intervals since 2010 or earlier. Do members of Gen Z *say* that their mental health is declining? Yes, in every study we can find.
  • Self-Harm – If Phillips and Friedman were correct that “the kids are alright” and the appearance of an epidemic is an illusion based on Gen Z’s “more honest relationship with their mental health,” then we would not see any change in objective measures of mental health, such as hospitalizations for self-harm, or deaths by suicide. But in fact, we do see such changes.
  • Suicide – Section 3 of the Collaborative Review doc presents the most tragic data of all: a large increase in the number of completed suicides. For suicide, the rates are always higher for boys and men. Girls and women make more suicide attempts, but they are more likely to use reversible means.
  • Conclusion – The evidence that this time is different is very strong. In 2010 there was little sign of any problem, in any of the long-running nationally representative datasets (with the possible exception of suicide for young teen boys). By 2015 the teen mental health was a 5 alarm fire, according to all the datasets that Jean Twenge and I can find. The kids are not alright.

Published February 24, 2023
Visit Chartbook to read Adam Tooze’s original post Chartbook #197: The Ukraine-Aid Reality Gap

John Fetterman and the Performance of Wellness [Jennifer Senior, The Atlantic]

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  • Senator John Fetterman announced he was undergoing treatment for depression, signaling a shift away from the days of secrets and shaming when it comes to mental health.
  • Fetterman’s office made a point of noting Fetterman’s struggle with depression even before his stroke. This signals a shift away from using physical illness to explain mental health.
  • As a politician, Fetterman was constantly performing a certain role in a very public and open environment, making it difficult for him to express his backstage self.
  • Fetterman’s experience brings to light the difficulty of managing a demanding job while struggling with physical and mental health issues.
  • The outcome of Fetterman’s story may serve as a test for how far we’ve come as a nation in understanding and responding to mental and physical health.

Published February 17, 2023
Visit The Atlantic to read Jennifer Senior’s original post John Fetterman and the Performance of Wellness

The new CDC report shows that Covid added little to teen mental health trends [Jon Haidt, After Babel]

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  • For the first few months of this new substack, I plan to publish a major post every two or three weeks to provide timely information and analysis of the teen mental health epidemic.
  • The publication by the CDC of some of the results from its Youth Risk Behavior Study (YRBS) provide evidence that the mental health of teenagers has been steadily deteriorating since 2011, long before the Covid pandemic.
  • The Covid pandemic decreased teens’ in-person social activities, however the decrease in social activities was much smaller than the decrease that had already occurred due to the advent of smartphones in the early 2010s.
  • Covid restrictions had a greater negative impact on girls than boys, as girls are more likely to use social media, which is a major cause of the teen mental health epidemic.
  • The evidence that social media is a major cause of the teen mental health epidemic is now overwhelming, with dozens of experiments, as well as consistent and incriminating patterns in the hundreds of correlational studies.
  • Both surges in teen depression and suicide were caused by lead exposure for kids born in the 1950s through the 1970s, when leaded gas consumption skyrocketed in the post-war boom. Lead interferes with brain development in utero and early childhood, leading to a surge in boys’ suicide rates. The current surge is caused by something other than lead.
  • Anxiety prevalence is significantly higher for Gen Z and younger millennials relative to other age groups, and that gap has only been expanding since 2012.
  • Suicide rates are much higher among older men than among teenage boys, but the relative increase in suicide since 2010 is highest among the youngest boys, ages 10-14.
  • Self-harm rates among girls have increased significantly, with an astonishing 201% increase for girls aged 10-14 since 2010.
  • Self-harm rates among boys are significantly lower than those of girls, but there has been a comparably small, but significant increase in self-harm post-2010 for the youngest males, and the oldest age group plotted (60-64).
  • The mental illness diagnostic bar has probably been lowered somewhat, but this does not just cause the appearance of an increase without touching the reality. A lowered bar combined with reduced stigma, combined with social media communities in which mental illness sometimes confers prestige, may be causing a real increase in levels of mental illness and suffering across the board.
  • The epidemic may have started a few years before 2012, and seems to speed up around 2012. We will keep this critique in mind as we examine other datasets, and especially in our future post on what is happening internationally.

Published February 16, 2023
Visit After Babel to read Jon Haidt’s original post The new CDC report shows that Covid added little to teen mental health trends

The Tragic Mystery of Teenage Anxiety [Derek Thompson, The Atlantic]

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• American teenagers, especially girls and LGBQ teens, are experiencing historic rates of anxiety and sadness.
• The Youth Risk Behavior Survey found that the share of teenage girls who say they experience “persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness” increased from 36 to 57 percent from 2011 to 2021.
• LGBQ teens are more likely to experience poor mental health, unstable housing or homelessness, bullying, and suicide attempts.
• The surge in teen anxiety has coincided with other behavioral trends that aren’t obviously bad, such as a decline in smoking, drug use, and drinking.
• Possible explanations for teen anxiety include social media, school shootings, climate change, and changes in parenting.
• The best evidence suggests that social media is not like smoking, but more of an attention alcohol.
• The relationship between rising LGBQ self-identification and rising LGBQ anxiety is complicated, with liberal and conservative explanations that are irreconcilable.
• Despite the ubiquity of “therapy-speak” on the internet, modern internet culture has adopted therapy-speak while repeatedly setting fire to the actual lessons of modern therapy.

Published February 16, 2023
Visit The Atlantic to read Derek Thompson’s original post The Tragic Mystery of Teenage Anxiety

I Thought I Was Saving Trans Kids. Now I’m Blowing the Whistle. [Jamie Reed, The Free Press]

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• Jamie Reed is a 42-year-old St. Louis native, a queer woman, and politically to the left of Bernie Sanders.
• She has spent her professional life providing counseling to vulnerable populations, including children in foster care, sexual minorities, and the poor.
• For almost four years, she worked at The Washington University School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases with teens and young adults who were HIV positive.
• In 2018, she took a job as a case manager at The Washington University Transgender Center at St. Louis Children’s Hospital.
• There was a dramatic increase in teenage girls suddenly declaring they were transgender and demanding immediate treatment with testosterone.
• To begin transitioning, the girls needed a letter of support from a therapist and a single visit to the endocrinologist for a testosterone prescription.
• The profound and permanent effects of the hormone can be seen in a matter of months, including sterility.
• Many of the patients declared they had disorders that no one believed they had, and the doctors privately recognized these false self-diagnoses as a manifestation of social contagion.
• The center downplayed the negative consequences, and emphasized the need for transition.
• Jamie Reed left the clinic in November of last year because she could no longer participate in what was happening there, and is now speaking out about the harm being done to vulnerable patients.
• Jamie Reed worked at the Transgender Center at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri.
• The center was treating teenage girls and young people from the inpatient psychiatric unit and emergency department of St. Louis Children’s Hospital.
• The doctors at the center viewed gender transition as the solution for these patients, regardless of their suffering or pain.
• Jamie raised concerns about parental rights and consent, as well as desisters and detransitioners.
• She witnessed a heartbreaking case of detransition of a teenage girl who had a double mastectomy and later wanted her breasts back.
• Jamie was reprimanded for her concerns and eventually left the center.
• She brought her concerns to the attention of Missouri’s attorney general and is calling for a moratorium on the hormonal and surgical treatment of young people with gender dysphoria.

Published February 9, 2023
Visit The Free Press to read Jamie Reed’s original post I Thought I Was Saving Trans Kids. Now I’m Blowing the Whistle.

You Don’t Want A Purely Biological, Apolitical Taxonomy Of Mental Disorders [Scott Alexander, Astral Codex Ten]

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– HiTOP is a scientifically-grounded taxonomy of mental disorders meant to compete with the DSM.
– The DSM has been criticized for pathologizing homosexuality and other healthy behaviours.
– The DSM writers are trans-friendly and want to make sure trans people can get the care they need, but they also don’t want to stigmatize trans people.
– From a biological point of view, homosexuality and pedophilia are similar, but the relevant difference between them is moral, not biological.
– A purely biological, apolitical taxonomy of mental disorders would have difficulty distinguishing between things that are ethically and practically different.
– New taxonomies of mental disorders are still useful for other reasons, but they cannot avoid political bias in what is vs. isn’t a disorder.

Published January 25, 2023
Visit Astral Codex Ten to read Scott Alexander’s original post You Don’t Want A Purely Biological, Apolitical Taxonomy Of Mental Disorders

The untimely death of Larry Price Jr. [Judd Legum, Popular Information]

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• Larry Eugene Price Jr., a severely mentally ill man living in poverty in Fort Smith, Arkansas, died in jail after spending a year in pretrial solitary confinement.
• Price was arrested after he began yelling and cursing at officers at the police station, and was charged with “terroristic threatening in the first degree.”
• Price was unable to post bail, and was placed in solitary confinement for 23 hours a day, seven days a week.
• His mental health deteriorated, and he refused to take his prescribed medication. He eventually stopped eating and drinking, and was found unresponsive in a pool of standing water and urine.
• Price’s death is a consequence of systemic issues in the American criminal justice system, including criminalizing poverty and the torture of solitary confinement.
• People with mental illnesses are more likely to be incarcerated than given proper treatment, and many police lack the training to respond to mental health crises.

Published January 19, 2023
Visit Popular Information to read Judd Legum’s original post The untimely death of Larry Price Jr.

Should Adults Nap? [Emily Oster, ParentData]

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• 34% of people surveyed in 2009 reported napping in the past 24 hours, with the highest rate (52%) among those over 80 years old.
• Studies suggest that napping can improve cognitive performance and reduce subjective sleepiness, but may also be linked to cardiovascular disease.
• The optimal nap length is 15 minutes, and the ideal time to nap is mid-afternoon.
• The “coffee nap” combines a cup of caffeinated coffee with a 15-minute nap, and has been shown to reduce driving impairments.
• A study of urban poor in India found that napping improved overall feelings of well-being, but decreased earnings due to lost time.

Published January 19, 2023
Visit ParentData to read Emily Oster’s original post Should Adults Nap?

Resilience, Another Thing We Can’t Talk About [Freddie deBoer]

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• Jonathan Haidt’s recent interview with the Wall Street Journal about the crisis of Generation Z was met with ridicule and dismissal.
• Haidt’s concerns about depression and anxiety among Gen Z were overshadowed by the culture war.
• Suffering is an inevitable part of life, and teaching people how to respond to suffering and grow from it is an essential task of any community.
• Criticisms of Haidt’s argument are valid, but his perspective is more nuanced than Ben Shapiro’s.
• Resilience is an essential trait that should be taught to young people, but talk of toughness and resilience can be used opportunistically to dismiss demands for justice.
• Social media creates incentives to always find yourself on the “right side” of every debate, making it difficult to engage in subtlety and nuance.

Published January 2, 2023. Visit Freddie deBoer’s substack to read the original post.

Fact Check: Do All Healthy People Have Mystical Experiences? [Astral Codex Ten]

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  • The tweet claiming that all healthy people have mystical experiences is false.
  • Only 17% of very mentally healthy people reported having a spiritual experience, compared to 21% of all respondents.
  • The difference was significant at p < 0.001.

Click HERE for original. Published December 23, 2022

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