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Don’t be a doomer [Noah Smith, Noahpinion]

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  • The media has been debating the cause of teenage unhappiness in the U.S. Taylor Lorenz argued that the main reason teens are unhappy is that they realize the world around them is a “hellscape”.
  • There is an entire “doomer” subculture that focuses on Covid, climate change, environmental destruction, and capitalism.
  • Capitalism is not failing; humans are richer now than ever before and poverty, child mortality, illiteracy, and hunger are all decreasing.
  • The U.S. does have a social safety net including Social Security, SSDI, Medicare, Medicaid, unemployment insurance, Section 8 housing vouchers, SNAP, the EITC, and the child tax credit.
  • Job security has stayed the same since the 1990s and the layoff rate has fallen slowly but steadily since the turn of the century.
  • Covid is not an HIV-like disease and has fallen far behind other issues in terms of Americans’ priorities. Vaccines developed in record time have saved millions of lives in the U.S. and worldwide.
  • Climate change is a real threat but recent climate models have all but ruled out most of the worst-case scenarios for warming and estimates of emissions during the 2010s have been revised downward.
  • Doomerism is a demotivating DDoS because it reduces motivation to solve problems, distracts people from the actual priorities, and can have negative effects on mental health in the long run.
  • We should actively combat doomer ideas in the world at large to save people from entering the doom loop in the first place.

Published February 22, 2023
Visit Noahpinion to read Noah Smith’s original post Don’t be a doomer

How Seawater Might Soak Up More Carbon [Warren Cornwall, Nautilus]

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• Gaurav Sant is flipping a switch on a machine aboard a barge in Los Angeles that will suck water from the Pacific Ocean and reduce its carbon dioxide levels.
• The machine is part of a larger effort to geoengineer the ocean to absorb more carbon dioxide.
• The ocean is already absorbing 90% of excess heat generated by burning fossil fuels and holds an estimated 41,000 gigatons of carbon.
• Strategies to increase ocean alkalinity, such as adding antacids to the ocean, are being explored to increase the ocean’s capacity to absorb carbon dioxide.
• Douglas Wallace, a chemical oceanographer at Canada’s Dalhousie University, believes this approach could make a difference without causing massive ecosystem risks.
• However, there are still many unknowns about the effectiveness and economic viability of these strategies, as well as potential ecological effects.
• Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan recently put $21 million into the UCLA Institute for Carbon Management, where Sant’s project began.

Published February 8, 2023
Visit Nautilus to read Warren Cornwall’s original post How Seawater Might Soak Up More Carbon

The Algae That Might Save Earth’s Coral Reefs [Juli Berwald, Nautilus]

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• Scientists have discovered a new species of algae, *Durusdinium*, which may be a key factor in the survival of coral reefs, and Rob Rowan, who inspired the research, has mysteriously disappeared.
• The term “symbiosis” was coined by German botanist Anton de Bary in 1879.
• Karl Andreas Heinrich Brandt discovered that the small amber orbs lining the digestive tissues of marine creatures were not part of them, but a type of symbiotic algae, which he named “zooxanthellae”.
• Rob Rowan realized that DNA had the power to reveal what microscopes could not.
• Rowan and Dennis Powers published a genetic analysis of zooxanthellae in the journal Science, which revealed that zooxanthellae are not all the same and that there are at least three species.
• Andrew Baker and Rowan found that corals hosting the species *Durusdinium* did not bleach during a historic El Niño system, and that these corals became more common.
• Australian scientists discovered that juvenile coral hosting *Durusdinium* grew two to three times slower than their siblings hosting other symbionts.
• Baker believes that “people have been maybe too willing to label *Durusdinium* as being selfish” and suggests that something about *Durusdinium* stresses coral out, toughening them up so they can withstand future conditions.
• Baker and his colleagues followed the fates of more than 100 corals around the central Pacific island of Kiribati during a severe, 10-month-long heat wave and found that corals already hosting *Durusdinium* didn’t bleach, but few survived.
• In 2014, near Miami, coral researchers noticed that many brain coral, maze coral, and boulder coral were dying from Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease.
• Baker’s graduate student Caroline Dennison performed experiments bleaching *Breviolum* from the coral and then providing them with *Durusdinium* and found that the corals hosting *Durusdinium* were two to three times less susceptible to the disease.
• Rob Rowan, a scientist who inspired both the author and Andrew Baker, has disappeared without a trace.
• Baker is a scientist studying coral and their symbiotic relationship with algae.
• A new species of algae, *Durusdinium*, is being found in coral reefs and may be a key factor in their survival.
• Baker is unsure if this new species will save coral, but believes it will be a big part of their biology.

Published February 1, 2023
Visit Nautilus to read Juli Berwald’s original post The Algae That Might Save Earth’s Coral Reefs

America needs more Class VI wells [Matthew Yglesias, Slow Boring]

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• Public support for action on climate change is broad, but people are disinclined to be personally inconvenienced for the sake of the issue.
• Even if progressive jurisdictions ban new natural gas hookups, people will still be buying new gas appliances 15-20 years from now and those appliances will still be running 30-40 years from now.
• California is planning to ban the sale of new internal combustion engine cars in 2035, but ICE cars will still be on the road in 2050.
• Carbon capture technology exists at a small scale, but it is too expensive to solve the huge problems.
• The Inflation Reduction Act created financial incentives to deploy carbon capture technology, but the EPA needs to move on licensing Class VI wells or creating more state primacy deals.
• Carbon capture has been controversial for years in the environmental community, but it is important to keep in mind that lower-income Democrats were very upset about rising energy costs last year.
• Carbon capture could be used to make natural gas + carbon capture a cost-effective means of generating zero-carbon electricity.
• There is no perfect way to make electricity, and all energy sources have their own costs and benefits.
• Solar and wind power are not necessarily more virtuous than other sources such as carbon capture, nuclear, and geothermal.
• To make renewables work at a large scale, we need to build lots more transmission lines, batteries, and lithium mines.
• Even if we had an all-renewables grid, we would still need solutions for agriculture, industry, aviation, and maritime shipping.
• Carbon capture may be the solution to these problems, but we need to have the infrastructure in place to take advantage of it.ement on nature.

Published January 19, 2023
Visit Slow Boring to read Matthew Yglesias’s original post America needs more Class VI wells

Where in the World: Adair and Winds, pt. 2 [Peter Zeihan, Zeihan on Geopolitics]

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  • Brazil: Its soil has no nutrient profile, so it is heavily dependent on imported fertilizers primarily from Russia. Disruption to the moisture profile could result in the loss of Brazil as a major global producer of foodstuffs.
  • Russia: Its wheat belt requires high levels of inputs, including foreign equipment and chemicals. Any disruption to the moisture profile could mean that Russia is no longer the world’s largest wheat exporter.
  • Western Australia: Its soil type has a low nutrient profile and, when water hits it, the clay particles engorge until they dissolve. Without huge amounts of capital and foreign inputs, disruption to the moisture profile could lead to the loss of Western Australia as a major breadbasket.

You can watch the full Where in the World: Adair and Winds, pt. 2 on YouTube – Published January 13, 2023

Where in the World: Adair and Winds, pt. 1 [Zeihan on Geopolitics]

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  • We are in an era of climate change, with more dramatic shifts in wind currents than temperatures.
  • Agriculture is more vulnerable when there is one wind source of moisture, rather than two.
  • 5 zones on the planet get their moisture from both a jet stream and a monsoon: American Midwest, Argentina, France, New Zealand, and the fifth is …I forgot.
  • Shifts in wind currents can lead to either increases or decreases in precipitation, which can have an impact on yields.
  • Data from the American Midwest and New Zealand shows that yields may be increasing due to two wind sources of moisture.

Visit the Zeihan on Geopolitics YouTube page to view the full length original vlog. Published December 30, 2022

The big NEPA roundup [Noah Smith, Noahpinion]

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  • NEPA is a procedural requirement for any project with federal involvement to do an environmental impact review before starting construction.
  • NEPA reviews often take several years to complete and can be used as a weapon by activist groups to delay or cancel projects they don’t like.
  • Op-eds have argued that NEPA allows excessive community input and is un-democratic, and that progressives are doing themselves a disservice by opposing Joe Manchin’s proposed permitting reforms.
  • Abolishing NEPA and replacing it with other procedures for enforcing environmental law has been suggested, though no guidance has been given on how to do that.
  • NEPA is a federal law that requires environmental reviews for certain projects, but it often delays projects that would improve environmental quality.
  • Think tanks have proposed various reforms to NEPA, such as extending favorable treatment to renewable energy projects, limiting judicial review, and creating special “corridors” with reduced permitting requirements.
  • Defenders of NEPA argue that it is necessary to protect the environment, and that delays are often due to other environmental regulations or lack of bureaucratic capacity.
  • They also suggest that NEPA can be a tool for speeding up decisions by coordinating information sharing between agencies.
  • NEPA is seen as a major obstacle to rapid deep decarbonization of the US economy.
  • Reforms to NEPA have been proposed, such as increasing agency staffing, using programmatic Environmental Impact Statements, allowing more renewable projects to use Environment Assessments and Categorical Exclusions, imposing time limits on some NEPA reviews, and requiring agencies to consider the positive environmental effects of a construction project.
  • James W. Coleman suggests that Congress should step in to restore a balance between making reviews more predictable and timelier while maintaining their rigor, and that energy projects should receive expedited review in the D.C. Circuit, with permits eventually being immunized from invalidation under NEPA if they are forced to wait an unreasonable length of time.

Click HERE for original. Published December 9, 2022

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