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Google Earnings, YouTube’s Aggregation Bid, YouTube Shorts Monetization [Ben Thompson, Stratechery]

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• Google reported its first drop in advertising revenue since the beginning of the pandemic, with YouTube’s revenue down 8% year-over-year.
• YouTube is attempting to become an Aggregator of television, with its multiyear agreement to distribute NFL Sunday Ticket and its Primetime Channels launch.
• YouTube is also attempting to monetize its Shorts feature, with a revenue-sharing model similar to Spotify’s.
• Meta is facing pressure from YouTube’s monetization strategy, as it is more difficult to create compelling Reels than Stories.
• Google is more generous with YouTube monetization because it is a smaller part of its business, but other companies have a similarly cavalier approach to profitability.

Published February 7, 2023
Visit Stratechery to read Ben Thompson’s original post Google Earnings, YouTube’s Aggregation Bid, YouTube Shorts Monetization

An Interview with Eric Seufert About Meta’s Earnings and the Google-DOJ Case [Ben Thompson, Stratechery]

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• Eric Seufert discussed Meta’s earnings and the Google-DOJ case.
• Meta’s earnings showed a decrease in revenue but a skyrocketing stock price.
• Seufert discussed the importance of increasing impressions and the corresponding decrease in price, as it crowds out competitors and provides more room to grow.
• He also discussed the four ways to increase ad revenue for an ad platform: increasing ad load, increasing reach, increasing the value generated by ads, and increasing time spent on site.
• Facebook has managed to increase engagement and ad load, and has introduced new ad placements to increase the value generated by ads.
• Increased ad load on Reels is justified, as it had no ads before.
• Facebook has created new ad formats, such as click-to-messaging, which have the potential to convert better than other ad formats.
• AI and machine learning are being used to automate the process of managing campaigns, eliminating human error and inefficiency.
• The black box automation suite, Advantage Plus, is used to test different permutations of audiences and creative to find the right mix.
• The application of AI and machine learning is more compelling from the advertising side than the consumer side.
• Generative AI can be used to create assets and interpret what works and what doesn’t.
• The end game is for Facebook to integrate these tools and do it for the advertiser.
• The duopoly of Google and Facebook is over, as brand advertising is moving onto the web from TV in a meaningful way.
Amazon is the one big exception, and ATT has been an accelerant for their ad business.
• Apple and Amazon are capturing direct response budget that has fled from Facebook.
• Facebook is trying to recapture some of those dollars by improving efficiency and engagement, and taking more of the human element away.
• Facebook reintroduced 28-day click attribution reporting, which is modeled, in order to comply with ATT.
• SKAdNetwork 4.0 is more signal, and the biggest platforms will benefit most from it.
• Apple may be shooting themselves in the foot with ATT, as they benefit from in-app purchases.
• ATT has caused a difficult transition for mobile gaming, but Apple may start providing better measurements and signals to help developers.
• Facebook’s earnings results validate the ATT Recession thesis, with revenue down 4% year-over-year.
• Recent decisions in Europe have been problematic for ad targeting, with Meta not allowed to use a contractual basis to get user agreement for ads, WhatsApp not allowed to use first party data for general analytics and security, and Voodoo Games not allowed to use the IDFV.
• The European Union is not likely to allow companies to offer services on terms they don’t want, and this could lead to decreased monetization in Europe.
• Activists and special interests may prevent the right thing from being done, preventing the use of AI technologies.
• The DOJ’s case against Google is that it used its end-to-end ownership of the ad tech stack to suppress competition and prevent other companies from being able to compete.
• The DOJ’s argument is flawed because it portrays supply as chasing demand, when in reality, it is the other way around.
• The DOJ’s chief harm demonstration is that publishers made more money than they should have, which is the only part in the stack where there is arguably lock-in.
• The counterfactual is not that advertisers would have gotten more margin on their ad spend, but that they would have been starved from incremental conversions if Google had not made this available at all.
• The remedy proposed by the DOJ is to split off the exchange and the publisher tool, which highlights the weakness in the case itself because Google Ads are first and foremost for Google Properties.
• Facebook is building up customer engagement to attract advertisers.
• Google divesting Google Ad Manager and AdX could lead to lower prices for publishers and higher prices for advertisers.
• Google is acting as a market maker, pricing long-tail traffic that would otherwise go unsold.
• Google’s data gives them an advantage in pricing, and they may be keeping the third-party ad business alive for the data rather than the revenue.
• Stricter privacy regulations benefit larger companies with more signal.
• Advertisers choose Google because they have no choice, but if Google had been more transparent about their practices, they may not be in as much trouble.

Published February 2, 2023
Visit Stratechery to read Ben Thompson’s original post An Interview with Eric Seufert About Meta’s Earnings and the Google-DOJ Case

Meta’s EU Fine; First-Party versus Third-Party Data, Redux; The EU’s First Party Imposition [Ben Thompson, Stratechery]

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• Meta Platforms Inc. was fined €390 million ($414 million) by the European Union’s main privacy watchdog for the way users’ data is used for personalized ads on its Facebook and Instagram units.
• The Irish Data Protection Commission found that Meta’s terms of service requiring users to accept personalized ads when signing up to the social media services violated EU rules.
• The EU ruling is not about third-party data, but rather first-party data; Meta argued that using first-party user data for advertising is integral to the service, and thus they can make access to their services contingent upon agreeing to letting one’s data be used for advertising.
• The EU disagreed, finding that Meta was illegally “forcing” users to let their data be used for personalized advertising.
• Meta must now offer personalized social networking to users without tying that to offering personalized ads, which is likely to have a broad impact on companies that use first-party data for advertising.

Published January 11, 2023. Visit Stratechery to read Ben Thompson’s original post.

AI and the Big Five [Ben Thompson, Stratechery]

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• AI has emerged as a major technology in 2022, with image generation models such as DALL-E, MidJourney, and Stable Diffusion, and text-generation model ChatGPT leading the way.
• Clayton Christensen’s The Innovator’s Dilemma explains the different kinds of innovations, and how incumbents have fared in previous tech epochs.
• Apple has taken advantage of the open source Stable Diffusion model, optimizing it for its own chips and operating systems, and potentially building it into its OS.
• Amazon is leveraging its cloud services to provide GPUs for training and inference, but must gauge demand for these services.
• Marginal costs of AI generation may make it challenging to achieve product-market fit, and costs should come down over time as models become more efficient and cloud services gain returns to scale.
• AI is a massive opportunity for Meta, Google, and Microsoft, and all three companies are investing heavily in the technology.
• Meta is investing in AI to power its services, better target ads, and recommend content from across its network.
• Google has a go-to-market gap and a business-model problem when it comes to AI, but its technology is still the best on the market.
• Microsoft is investing in the infrastructure of the AI epoch, and is well-placed to benefit from the disruption of AI.
• OpenAI may become the platform on which all other AI companies are built, and Nvidia and TSMC may be the biggest winners.

Published January 9, 2023. Visit Stratechery to read Ben Thompson’s original post.

Meta Myths [Ben Thompson, Stratechery]

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  • The market was panicking about Facebook’s slowing revenue and growing expenses in 2018, but the reaction was overblown.
  • Facebook’s stock price increased by 118% between 2018 and 2021, but has since decreased by 42%.
  • Despite speculation, users are not deserting Facebook, Instagram engagement is not plummeting, and TikTok is not dominating.
  • Facebook is still adding users, Instagram has more than 2 billion monthly actives, and Reels usage is growing quickly.
  • TikTok usage is depressing growth, but is growing the overall pie for user-generated content, and is not infringing on Meta’s business.
  • Myth 1: Meta’s Stock Price is a Reflection of its Business Performance – While Meta’s stock price has dropped significantly, it is not necessarily an accurate reflection of the company’s performance.
  • Myth 2: Meta is Losing Money – While Meta’s revenue has decreased, it is still making money.
  • Myth 3: Meta is Becoming Less Relevant – While Meta’s advertising model has been impacted by Apple’s App Tracking Transparency policy, digital advertising is still growing strongly and Meta is adapting to the new reality.
  • Myth 4: Advertising is Dying – Advertising is not dying, but Apple’s ATT policy has had a significant impact on Meta’s revenue.
  • Myth 5: Meta’s Spending is a Waste – Meta’s capital expenditures are directly focused on the challenges posed by TikTok and ATT, and should pay off in the long run.
  • Maybe True: The Metaverse is a Waste of Time and Money – While the Metaverse may be a bad business for Meta, its costs are relatively small compared to the company’s overall spending.

Click HERE for original. Published October 31, 2022

Meta Meets Microsoft [Ben Thompson, Stratechery]

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  • Meta’s Connect Keynote was underwhelming and lacked compelling demos of virtual reality.
  • Microsoft’s partnership with Meta is a massive win for the company, as it will have a privileged position on the most advanced headset with the most resources behind it.
  • VR has real utility, but it will take time for it to be accessible on a cost-effective basis for enterprises and individual users.
  • Microsoft is well-placed to deliver that utility on top of Meta hardware.
  • Meta is likely to be the catalyst for VR becoming a widely used technology, but it is uncertain as to whether the company will capture sufficient value to justify its massive investment.

Click HERE for original. Published October 12, 2022

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